A transformer is an electrical static device that transfers energy from one circuit to another circuit by electromagnetic induction, without changing its frequency.
Working of a Transformer
The transformer basically has two windings: one primary winding and another is a secondary winding. When power is given to the primary winding, the flow of electrical current in the primary winding will produce the magnetic flux.
The process of formation of the magnetic field produced by the winding when current flows through it thhis is called electromagnetic induction. When the magnetic flux cuts the secondary winding, it will induce a voltage; this is called mutual inductance
The transformer is rated in KAV
The transformer will handle both real and reactive power, so it is rated in apparent power kva
Types of Transformer
The Tranformers can be classified into different types based on the voltage conversion, core Design and Construction, application, and cooling
Voltage Conversion
Based on the voltage conversion, the transformers can be classified into 3 types,
Step-Up Transformer
The step-up transformer, which is used to increase the voltage on the output side. This has primary and secondary windings in primary winding, power is given at low voltage and in the secondary winding, it is converted into high voltage .
The primary side has low voltage and high current, and on the secondary side it has high voltage with less current.
The example for the step-up transformer is 33Kv/110Kv whch means that in the primary winding we will supply 33Kv and we will ger 110Kv in the output.
Step-Down Trransformer
The step-down transformer, which is used to decrease the voltage on the output side. This has primary and secondary windings. In the primary winding, power is given at High voltage and in the secondary winding, it is converted into low voltage.
The primary side has High voltage and less current, and on the secondary side, it has less voltage with high current.
The example for the step-down transformer is 400Kv/ 230Kv whch means that in the primary winding we will supply 400Kv and we will get 230Kv in the output.
Isolation Transformer
The Isolation transformer is used to isolate the circuit to protect the sensitive equipment; it will separate both circuits. It will never convert voltage or current . When we supply power in the primary winding, we will get the same voltage, current, and power.
Core Design and Construction
Based on the core design and construction
Power Transformer
A power transformer is a type of transformer which is used near the power generation area and the substations. These transformers are used to step up and step down the voltage.
For example, the transformer in the generating station steps up the 15kv generated by the generator to 110kv, 230kv, or 400 kV. The transformers are used in the substations, which step down the voltage from 400kv to 230kv or 110kv.